510(k) · Cleared
ClearedFORZA Spacer System, PILLAR PEEK Spacer System, PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System, SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System
Data to Oct 25, 2026 (FDA decisions) Oct 12, 2026 (recalls) Sep 30, 2026 (MAUDE) refreshed weekly
Orthofix, Inc. · MAX Intervertebral Fusion Device With Bone Graft, Lumbar
Cleared on Dec 22, 2016 as substantially equivalent to K152475 (Orthofix, Inc., 2016) and 3 other predicates after a 112-day review. Its family tree reaches back 18 generations to 1984. 1 of the 137 devices in its family, counting itself, has a Class I recall. 6 later devices descend from it.
- Decided
- Dec 22, 2016
- Review
- 112 days
- Class
- Class II
- Product code
- MAX
- Recalls
- None
- Predicates
- 4
Its longest line of descent runs back 18 generations to K841189 (1984). 130 ancestors in all. 6 later devices descend from it, 1 citing it directly. 1 of the 137 devices in this family, counting this one, has a Class I recall.
- Root · 18 generations backK841189 Oec/Rezaian Spinal FixatorOrthopedic Equipment Co., Inc. · 1984
- 14 generations between
- 3 generations backK141942 Midline II TICentinel Spine, Inc. · 2014
- 2 generations backK150643 Centinel Spine STALIF TT, STALIF MIDLINE, MIDLINE II, MIDLINE II-TiCentinel Spine, Inc. · 2015
- 1 generation backK152475 FORZA PTC Spacer SystemOrthofix, Inc. · 2016
- This deviceK162446 FORZA Spacer System, PILLAR PEEK Spacer System, PILLAR SA PEEK…Orthofix, Inc. · 2016
- Descendant · cites it directly · 5 of its ownK211704 CONSTRUX Mini PEEK Spacer System/CONSTRUX Mini PEEK VBR System…Orthofix, Inc. · 2021
- Descendant · 2 generations on · 4 of its ownK213951 FORZA XP Expandable Spacer SystemOrthofix US, LLC · 2022
- Descendant · 3 generations on · 2 of its ownK240830 Reef TO/TA System; Regatta Lateral System; Explorer TO System…Orthofix Medical, Inc. · 2024
- Descendant · 4 generations on · 0 of its ownK253420 Admiral ACP System; Explorer TO System; Laminoplasty System; Manta…SeaSpine Orthopedics Corporation · 2026
- Descendant · 4 generations on · 0 of its ownK251617 X-PAC® TLIF Expandable Posterior Cage System; X-PAC® LLIF Expandable…Expanding Innovations, Inc. · 2025
Show all 18 generations
- Root · 18 generations backK841189 Oec/Rezaian Spinal FixatorOrthopedic Equipment Co., Inc. · 1984
- 17 generations backK990148 Stackable Cage SystemDepuy Motech Acromed · 1999
- 16 generations backK003043 Surgical Titanium Mesh SystemDepuyacromed · 2001
- 15 generations backK022793 Tetris Spinal ImplantSignus Medical, LLC · 2003
- 14 generations backK031757 Peek Tetris Spinal ImplantSignus Medical, LLC · 2003
- 13 generations backK041888 Curved Peek Tetris Spinal ImplantSignus Medizintechnik GmbH · 2004
- 12 generations backK042930 Spacevision Cage SystemSpine Vision, Inc. · 2004
- 11 generations backK062759 Paramount VBR SystemInnovative Spinal Technologies, Inc. · 2007
- 10 generations backK072120 Paramount Intervertebral Body Fusion DeviceInnovative Spinal Technologies, Inc. · 2007
- 9 generations backK080083 Intrepid Spinal SystemMedtronic Sofamor Danek · 2008 · Recalled
- 8 generations backK073109 Stalif TT Intervertebral Body Fusion SystemSurgicraft, Ltd. · 2008
- 7 generations backK081849 Blackstone Pillar SA Partial Vertebral Body Replacement DeviceBlackstone Medical, Inc. · 2008 · Recalled
- 6 generations backK091301 Life Spine Stand-Alone Spacer SystemLife Spine · 2009
- 5 generations backK100802 Aesculap Implant Systems Sibd Spinal SystemAesculap Implant Systems, Inc. · 2010
- 4 generations backK111122 Aesculap Sibd XP Spinal SystemAesculap Implant Systems, Inc. · 2011
- 3 generations backK141942 Midline II TICentinel Spine, Inc. · 2014
- 2 generations backK150643 Centinel Spine STALIF TT, STALIF MIDLINE, MIDLINE II, MIDLINE II-TiCentinel Spine, Inc. · 2015
- 1 generation backK152475 FORZA PTC Spacer SystemOrthofix, Inc. · 2016
- This deviceK162446 FORZA Spacer System, PILLAR PEEK Spacer System, PILLAR SA PEEK…Orthofix, Inc. · 2016
Showing 5 of 6 descendants. See all descendants
Descendants cleared per year
Class I recalls in this family
- K073202 Ardis Spacer3 generations back · 2008
Most influential descendants
Showing 5 of 6 · See all- K211704CONSTRUX Mini PEEK Spacer System/CONSTRUX Mini PEEK VBR System, CONSTRUX Mini PTC Spacer…Orthofix, Inc. · 2021 · cites it directly5descendants
- K213951FORZA XP Expandable Spacer SystemOrthofix US, LLC · 2022 · 2 generations on4descendants
- K240830Reef TO/TA System; Regatta Lateral System; Explorer TO System; WaveForm C Interbody…Orthofix Medical, Inc. · 2024 · 3 generations on2descendants
- K253420Admiral ACP System; Explorer TO System; Laminoplasty System; Manta Ray TDF Spacer…SeaSpine Orthopedics Corporation · 2026 · 4 generations on0descendants
- K251617X-PAC® TLIF Expandable Posterior Cage System; X-PAC® LLIF Expandable Lateral Cage SystemExpanding Innovations, Inc. · 2025 · 4 generations on0descendants
View FIG. 1 as a table
Line of descent and top descendants
| Generation | Number | Device | Applicant | Decided | Recalls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| −18 | K841189 | Oec/Rezaian Spinal Fixator | Orthopedic Equipment Co., Inc. | 1984 | — |
| −17 | K990148 | Stackable Cage System | Depuy Motech Acromed | 1999 | — |
| −16 | K003043 | Surgical Titanium Mesh System | Depuyacromed | 2001 | — |
| −15 | K022793 | Tetris Spinal Implant | Signus Medical, LLC | 2003 | — |
| −14 | K031757 | Peek Tetris Spinal Implant | Signus Medical, LLC | 2003 | — |
| −13 | K041888 | Curved Peek Tetris Spinal Implant | Signus Medizintechnik GmbH | 2004 | — |
| −12 | K042930 | Spacevision Cage System | Spine Vision, Inc. | 2004 | — |
| −11 | K062759 | Paramount VBR System | Innovative Spinal Technologies, Inc. | 2007 | — |
| −10 | K072120 | Paramount Intervertebral Body Fusion Device | Innovative Spinal Technologies, Inc. | 2007 | — |
| −9 | K080083 | Intrepid Spinal System | Medtronic Sofamor Danek | 2008 | 8 |
| −8 | K073109 | Stalif TT Intervertebral Body Fusion System | Surgicraft, Ltd. | 2008 | — |
| −7 | K081849 | Blackstone Pillar SA Partial Vertebral Body Replacement Device | Blackstone Medical, Inc. | 2008 | 1 |
| −6 | K091301 | Life Spine Stand-Alone Spacer System | Life Spine | 2009 | — |
| −5 | K100802 | Aesculap Implant Systems Sibd Spinal System | Aesculap Implant Systems, Inc. | 2010 | — |
| −4 | K111122 | Aesculap Sibd XP Spinal System | Aesculap Implant Systems, Inc. | 2011 | — |
| −3 | K141942 | Midline II TI | Centinel Spine, Inc. | 2014 | — |
| −2 | K150643 | Centinel Spine STALIF TT, STALIF MIDLINE, MIDLINE II, MIDLINE II-Ti | Centinel Spine, Inc. | 2015 | — |
| −1 | K152475 | FORZA PTC Spacer System | Orthofix, Inc. | 2016 | — |
| 0 (this device) | K162446 | FORZA Spacer System, PILLAR PEEK Spacer System, PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System… | Orthofix, Inc. | 2016 | — |
| +1 | K211704 | CONSTRUX Mini PEEK Spacer System/CONSTRUX Mini PEEK VBR System, CONSTRUX Mini… | Orthofix, Inc. | 2021 | — |
| +2 | K213951 | FORZA XP Expandable Spacer System | Orthofix US, LLC | 2022 | — |
| +3 | K240830 | Reef TO/TA System; Regatta Lateral System; Explorer TO System; WaveForm C… | Orthofix Medical, Inc. | 2024 | — |
| +4 | K253420 | Admiral ACP System; Explorer TO System; Laminoplasty System; Manta Ray TDF… | SeaSpine Orthopedics Corporation | 2026 | — |
| +4 | K251617 | X-PAC® TLIF Expandable Posterior Cage System; X-PAC® LLIF Expandable Lateral… | Expanding Innovations, Inc. | 2025 | — |
Other ancestors by year cleared
| Year cleared | Devices | With a Class I recall |
|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 2 | 0 |
| 1999 | 2 | 0 |
| 2000 | 1 | 0 |
| 2001 | 10 | 0 |
| 2002 | 7 | 0 |
| 2003 | 10 | 0 |
| 2004 | 13 | 0 |
| 2005 | 10 | 0 |
| 2006 | 4 | 0 |
| 2007 | 9 | 0 |
| 2008 | 20 | 1 |
| 2009 | 7 | 0 |
| 2010 | 6 | 0 |
| 2011 | 4 | 0 |
| 2012 | 1 | 0 |
| 2013 | 2 | 0 |
| 2014 | 4 | 0 |
Descendants by year cleared
| Year cleared | Devices | With a Class I recall |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 | 0 |
| 2022 | 1 | 0 |
| 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| 2025 | 2 | 0 |
| 2026 | 1 | 0 |
Sources: FDA 510(k) database (decision fields), the FDA summary (predicates and indications), FDA recall and enforcement reports, and MAUDE; processed by 510(k) Report. Verify on FDA.gov · Methodology and accuracy.
1 device in this family has a Class I recall. A 510(k) Report weighs predicate choices, recall history and review times for a new device like this one.
Top candidate predicates for a new MAX device
- #1 K203714 NuVasive Thoracolumbar Interbody Systems…score 102.5 · 24 generations · no Class I recall
- #2 Held for the reportin the report
- #3 Held for the reportin the report
What was it cleared against? (4)
Devices the submitter claimed this one is substantially equivalent to (*), and reference devices cited for a specific test or feature (†), as written in the FDA summary.
| Type | Number | Device | Decided |
|---|---|---|---|
| * | K152475 | FORZA PTC Spacer SystemSummary page 9…Intervertebral body fusion device Class Il - 21 CFR § 888.3060 — Spinal intervertebral body fixation orthosis Orthopedic Device Panel FORZA Spacer System — Orthofix — K152475 Additional Predicate Devices: PILLAR PEEK Spacer System — Orthofix — KO81177 Kl162446 Page 2 of 6 ¢) ORTHOFIX… | 2016 |
| * | K082235 | Blackstone Pillar XL Peek SpacersSummary page 13…racteristics of the Device Compared to the Selected Predicate Devices The technological characteristics of the FORZA Spacer System (K103111), PILLAR PEEK Spacer System (K082235), PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System (K081849) and the SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System (K140709) are all similar to the predica… | 2008 |
| * | K081849 | Blackstone Pillar SA Partial Vertebral Body Replacement DeviceSummary page 10…ORTHOFIX FORZA Spacer System PILLAR PEEK Spacer System PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System — Orthofix — K081849 SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System — Orthofix — K140709 Reason for 510(k) Submission: Expanded Indications for Use to incl… | 2008 |
| * | K140709 | Skyhawk Interbody Fusion SystemSummary page 10…LAR SA PEEK Spacer System SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System — Orthofix — K081849 SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System — Orthofix — K140709 Reason for 510(k) Submission: Expanded Indications for Use to include the use with allograft material composed of cancellous or… | 2014 |
What descends from it? (6)
1 later device cites it directly; ranked here by how many devices descend from each in turn.
| Number | Device | Decided | Descendants |
|---|---|---|---|
| K211704 | CONSTRUX Mini PEEK Spacer System/CONSTRUX Mini PEEK VBR System, CONSTRUX Mini PTC Spacer… | 2021 | 5 |
Has anything in its family been recalled? (1 Class I)
No FDA recall names this device.
Relatives with a Class I recall
Class I is FDA’s most serious recall class. A recall in the family tree is context for this device, not evidence about it.
- K073202Ardis SpacerAbbott Spine, Inc. · 2008 · 3 generations back · ◆ in the 2008 ancestors bar of FIG. 11 Class I recall
What does this lineage say?
- The line of descent spans 32 years and passes through 14 companies; a new generation was cleared every 11 months on median.
- 20 of the 130 ancestors have a recall of any class; 1 has a Class I recall.
- Of its descendants, K211704 (Orthofix, Inc., 2021) has gone furthest, with 5 descendants of its own.
- 9 other devices also cite its predicate K152475.
How does its category compare?
All MAX devicesMAX Intervertebral Fusion Device With Bone Graft, Lumbar: FDA decisions, review times, recalls and adverse event reports over 20 years. 2016, this device’s year, is highlighted.
FDA decisions per year · MAX
29in 2025
2026 to Oct 25, outlined.
Median 510(k) review, days · MAX
85in 2025
Receipt to decision; years with fewer than 3 clearances left blank.
Recalls per year · MAX
5in 2025
Class I (1 since 2007) Class II/III not classified
Adverse event reports per year · MAX
811in 2025
MAUDE reports naming product code MAX, not matched to any one device; reports are not rates.
View these four charts as a table
| Year | Decisions | Median 510(k) review, days | Recalls (Class I) | MAUDE reports |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 7 | 86 | 0 | 12 |
| 2008 | 35 | 88 | 2 | 19 |
| 2009 | 31 | 102 | 9 | 90 |
| 2010 | 29 | 137 | 0 | 154 |
| 2011 | 49 | 98 | 3 | 201 |
| 2012 | 48 | 69 | 11 (1) | 327 |
| 2013 | 58 | 102 | 0 | 380 |
| 2014 | 58 | 115 | 3 | 366 |
| 2015 | 53 | 113 | 1 | 524 |
| 2016 | 64 | 124 | 6 | 647 |
| 2017 | 76 | 116 | 1 | 596 |
| 2018 | 64 | 114 | 4 | 616 |
| 2019 | 60 | 131 | 1 | 699 |
| 2020 | 56 | 106 | 0 | 640 |
| 2021 | 53 | 109 | 0 | 622 |
| 2022 | 41 | 95 | 1 | 618 |
| 2023 | 30 | 87 | 0 | 576 |
| 2024 | 38 | 91 | 1 | 729 |
| 2025 | 29 | 85 | 5 | 811 |
| 2026 | 18 | 95 | 0 | — |
What is it indicated for?
The FORZA Spacer System is indicated for use with bone graft (autograft bone or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous or corticocancellous bone graft) in patients with degenerative disk disease (DDD) at one or two contiguous levels from L2 to S1. These DDD patients may have up to Grade I Spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis at the involved levels. DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and…
Read the full statement (1,078 words)
The FORZA Spacer System is indicated for use with bone graft (autograft bone or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous or corticocancellous bone graft) in patients with degenerative disk disease (DDD) at one or two contiguous levels from L2 to S1. These DDD patients may have up to Grade I Spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis at the involved levels. DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and have had six months of non-operative treatment. Patients with previous non-fusion spinal surgery at the treated level may be treated.
The FORZA Spacer System is intended to be used with supplemental fixation systems. As an example, the supplemental fixation that may be used is the Orthofix Firebird Spinal Fixation System.
The FORZA Spacer System must be used with autograft or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous or corticocancellous bone graft.
When used as an intervertebral body fusion device, the PILLAR PEEK Spacer System is indicated for use with bone graft (autograft bone or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous or corticocancellous bone graft) in patients with degenerative disk disease (DDD) at one or two contiguous levels from L2 to S1. These DDD patients may have up to Grade I Spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis at the involved levels. DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and have had six months of non-operative treatment. Patients with previous non-fusion spinal surgery at the treated level may be treated.
The PILLAR PEEK Spacer System is intended to be used with supplemental fixation. As an example, the supplemental fixation that may be used is the Orthofix Spinal Fixation System (SFS).
The PILLAR PL PEEK Spacer is used singly or in pairs and is implanted using a posterior approach.
The PILLAR TL PEEK Spacer is used singly or in pairs and is implanted using a transforaminal approach.
The PILLAR AL PEEK Spacer is used singly and is implanted using an anterior approach.
The PILALR XL PEEK Spacer is used singly and is implanted using a lateral approach.
The PILLAR PEEK Spacer System must be used with autograft or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous or corticocancellous bone graft.
When used as a Partial Vertebral Body Replacement (VBR), The PILLAR PEEK Spacer System is indicated for use in the thoracolumbar spine (T1-L5) for partial replacement (i.e., partial vertebrectomy) of a diseased vertebral body resected or excised for the treatment of tumors, to achieve anterior decompression of the spinal cord and neural tissues, and to restore the height of a collapsed vertebral body. The PILLAR Spacer System is also indicated for treating fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine.
The PILLAR PEEK Spacer System is designed to restore the biomechanical integrity of the anterior, middle, and posterior spinal column even in the absence of a fusion for a prolonged period of time. The Partial VBR device is intended to be used with autograft or allograft.
The PILLAR PEEK Spacer System is intended for use with supplemental fixation. As an example, the supplemental fixation that may be used is the Orthofix Spinal Fixation System (SFS).
When used as an intervertebral body fusion device, the PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System is indicated for use with bone graft (autograft bone or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous or corticocancellous bone graft) in patients with degenerative disk disease (DDD) at one or two contiguous levels from L2 to S1. These DDD patients may have up to Grade I Spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis at the involved levels. DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and have had six months of non-operative treatment. Patients with previous non-fusion spinal surgery at the treated level may be treated.
The PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System is intended for use with the four titanium alloy screws provided with the device. If the physician chooses to use fewer than four of the provided screws, then supplemental fixation must be used to augment stability. As an example, the supplemental fixation system that may be used is the Orthofix Spinal Fixation System (SFS).
The PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System must be used with autograft or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous or corticocancellous bone graft.
When used as a Partial Vertebral Body Replacement (VBR) the PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System is indicated for use in the thoracolumbar spine (T1-L5) for partial replacement (i.e., partial vertebrectomy) of a diseased vertebral body resected or excised for the treatment of tumors, to achieve anterior decompression of the spinal cord and neural tissues, and to restore the height of a collapsed vertebral body. The PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System is also indicated for treating fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine.
The PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System is designed to restore the biomechanical integrity of the anterior, middle and posterior spinal column, even in the absence of fusion for a prolonged period of time. The PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System is intended to be used with autograft or allograft.
The PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System is intended for use with the four titanium alloy screws provided with the device. If the physician chooses to use fewer than four of the provided screws, then supplemental fixation must be used to augment stability. As an example, the supplemental fixation that may be used is the Orthofix Spinal Fixation System (SFS).
When used as an intervertebral body fusion device, the SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System is indicated for use with bone graft (autograft bone or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous or corticocancellous bone graft) in patients with degenerative disk disease (DDD) at one or two contiguous levels from L2 to S1. These DDD patients may have up to Grade I Spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis at the involved levels. DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and have had six months of non-operative treatment. Patients with previous non-fusion spinal surgery at the treated level may be treated.
The SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System is intended to be used with supplemental fixation systems that are cleared by the FDA for use in the lumbar spine.
The SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System must be used with autograft or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous or corticocancellous bone graft.
Indications for use read by OCR from a scanned FDA summary, so letters may be misread. Check the PDF before quoting it.
https://510kreport.com/device/K162446 · printed Nov 6, 2026
Cite this page
510(k) Report. “K162446: FORZA Spacer System, PILLAR PEEK Spacer System, PILLAR SA PEEK Spacer System, SKYHAWK Lateral Interbody Fusion System.” Lineage record from FDA 510(k) data and the FDA summary. Updated Nov 3, 2026. Accessed Nov 6, 2026. https://510kreport.com/device/K162446
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Record history
- FDA decision record loaded May 2, 2026
- Summary read Oct 13, 2026 (extraction version 9eaa42aa01ed)
- Lineage and recalls computed Nov 3, 2026
- Page last updated Nov 3, 2026